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We often think of climate change and biodiversity loss as environmental challenges. But what if they are, in fact, crises of governance, security, economic survival, and equity? These interconnected crises not only threaten ecosystems but also reshape economies, disrupt food security, and expose vulnerabilities in social and political systems. Addressing them effectively requires more than environmental solutions—it demands a fundamental rethinking of governance structures, economic policies, and inclusive approaches that empower marginalized groups, particularly women, who play a critical role in agriculture and resource management.

For professionals in agriculture, rural development, and development cooperation in general, these issues are not abstract. They are immediate and tangible, influencing daily decisions and long-term strategies. Africa, in particular, is at the center of these transformations. The agricultural sector employs 52% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa, making it highly vulnerable to climate variability and ecosystems degradation. These challenges demand coordinated, informed action.

The Dual Crisis: Intersections Across Key Sectors

Climate change and biodiversity loss touch nearly every aspect of daily life. Agricultural resilience relies on biodiversity for essential functions such as pollination, pest control, and soil fertility. Yet, deforestation, habitat destruction and unsustainable land use put these natural systems at risk. Rising temperatures and erratic weather patterns further strain food production, exacerbating food insecurity in already fragile regions.

Meanwhile, industries dependent on natural resources—such as technology, which requires rare earth minerals—highlight the intricate links between ecosystems and modern economies. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive strategy that integrates environmental, economic and political dimensions.

Women play a critical role in agriculture and natural resource management, yet they often face substantial structural barriers. Unequal access to resources, technology and decision-making spaces limits their ability to adapt and thrive. Ensuring their inclusion is not just about fairness—it is essential for building resilient, adaptive communities.

Another dimension of the crisis is the growing link between environmental degradation and political stability. As resources like water and arable land become scarce, tensions rise. Forced migration and conflicts over dwindling natural assets are increasing. Strengthening governance structures and embedding environmental considerations into policymaking are critical steps toward mitigating these risks.

Shifts in the Political Landscape

Recent global political shifts have had a direct impact on climate action and biodiversity conservation. The United States’ withdrawal from the Paris Agreement in January 2025 raises concerns about international collaboration. While multilateral platforms such as COP29 and the Biodiversity Conference (COP15) continue shaping climate finance and conservation strategies, these developments highlight the need for sustained commitment.

In Europe, climate policy remains a contentious topic. In Germany, political actors such as the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) amplify skepticism toward climate action. In Kenya, influential voices on social media cast doubt on climate science, further complicating the discourse. These narratives not only delay progress but also threaten public trust in urgent environmental initiatives.

German Initiatives and Strategies

Germany has taken a leading role in promoting nature-based solutions and biodiversity conservation. The German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) invests over 500 million euros annually in biodiversity initiatives, emphasizing the protection of forests, oceans and wetlands. The Federal Action Plan on Nature-based Solutions for Climate and Biodiversity, developed by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety, and Consumer Protection (BMUV), aims to harness ecosystem services to mitigate climate change impacts.

From Challenge to Opportunity

The complexity of these crises requires more than recognition—it calls for actionable solutions. Across development cooperation, targeted interventions are making a difference. GIZ projects, for example, are actively restoring degraded landscapes, strengthening agricultural sustainability, and supporting governance structures to enhance resilience. These initiatives demonstrate that real progress is possible with coordinated effort and informed decision-making.

The contributions in this newsletter offer a closer look at specific strategies and case studies that highlight how development cooperation is responding to climate and biodiversity challenges. They showcase innovative outreach efforts, community-led conservation models, and emerging policy developments. By sharing these insights, we aim to equip practitioners with the knowledge and tools needed to navigate this evolving landscape effectively.

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Hannah Weggerle